Tenses Dasar

MEMAHAMI 16 TENSES DENGAN CEPAT

Dalam berbagai teori bahasa Inggris, kita tidak akan terlepas dari tenses. Secara sederhana, tenses adalah bentuk waktu dalam kalimat. Bentuk waktu (tense) ini akan memengaruhi bentuk kata kerja dan pola kalimat yang digunakan.

Banyak yang bingung mempelajari tenses karena bentuk waktu ini tidak ditemukan dalam bahasa Indonesia. Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kita cukup menambahkan kata sedang, sudah, atau akan untuk membubuhkan keterangan waktu. Namun dalam bahasa Inggris, tidak hanya keterangan waktu yang berperan, tetapi juga tense.

1. Present

I.                    Simple Present Tense

II.                  Present Continuous Tense

III.               Present Perfect Tense

IV.                Present Perfect Continuous Tense

2. Past

I.                    Simple Past Tense

II.                  Past Continuous Tense

III.               Past Perfect Tense

IV.                Past Perfect Continuous Tense

3. Future

I.                    Simple Future Tense

II.                  Future Continuous Tense

III.               Future Perfect Tense

IV.                Future Perfect Continuous Tense

4. Past Future

I.                    Past Future Tense

II.                  Past Future Continuous Tense

III.               Past Future Perfect Tense

IV.                Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Contoh-contoh dalam kalimat :

A.            1 . He writes a letter  everyday

     He is a diligent student/I'm a student of  MAN 1 Banyumas/They are behind the canteen.

2 . He is writing a letter now.

3 . Anto has written letters twice this month.

He has been so lazy lately/I have been a student of MAN 1 Banyumas / They have been out of town for so long.

4. They have been writing a letter for an hour/since 7 o'clock.

               

B.            1. He wrote a letter yesterday

He was a diligent student/I was a student of MAN 1 Banyumas/They   were behind the canteen   (yesterday, yesterday afternoon, last night, two days ago, an hour ago,

    last night, a century ago.

2. He was writing a letter when I phoned her.

3. Anto had written letters before I sent her my letter.

    He had been a diligent student/I had been a student of MAN

    1 Banyumas when Mss Nur Aisiyah started teaching at this school /

   They had been out of town before I came back to their  house.

4. They had been writing a letter when we came there.

C.            1 . He will write a letter  tomorrow evening.

     He will be a diligent student if he study hard / I will be a student of   MAN 1 Banyumas/ They will  

     be behind the canteen.

2.  He will be writing a letter at 7 o'clock tomorrow evening.

3.  Anto will have written letters by 7 o'clock tomorrow.

He will have been so clever before the final exam comes /I will have been a student of University by   

the end of 2007 /  They will have  been out of town by the time you arrive there.

4. They will have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow.

Rumus untuk masing-masing TENSES

1. I.             - Subject + Verb I + Object

- Subject + to be ( am, is , are) + Adjective/Noun/Preposition (untuk nominal sentence)

II.            Subject + To be + (am, is, are) + Verb I + ing + Object

III.          - Subject + Has/have + Verb III + Object  (verbal sentence)

                                - Subject + Has/have + been + Adjective/Noun/Preposition ( nominal sentence)

IV.          Subject + Have/has + been + verb I + ing + Object

     B.       I.             - Subject + To be ( was, were ) + Adjective/Noun/Preposition ( nominal sentence)

                                - Subject + Verb II + Object

II.            Subject + To be + (was, were) + Verb I + ing + Object

III.          - Subject + Had + Verb III + Object

                                - Subject + Had + been + Adjective/Noun/Preposition (nominal)

IV.          Subject + Had + been + verb I + ing + Object

C.            I.             Subject + Shall/Will + Verb I + Object

II.            Subject + Shall/Will + be + Verb I + ing + Object

III.          - Subject + Shall/Will + Have + been + Adjective/Noun/Preposition  (nominal)

                                - Subject + Shall/Will + Have + Verb III + Object

                IV.          Subject + Shall/Will + Have + been + Verb I + ing + Object

     D.       I.              Subject + Should / Would + Verb I + Object

                           - Subject  + Should / Would + Be + Adjective/Noun/Preposition

(nominal)

              II.               Subject + Should / Would + Verb 1 + Ing + Object

                III.          -  Subject + Should / Would + Have + Verb III + Object

-  Subject + Should / Would + Have + Been + Adjective/Noun/Preposition (nominal)

IV.          Subject + Should / Would + Have + Been + Verb I + Ing + Object

               

D.            Tenses ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kalimat pengandaian (if clause) dan kalimat tidak langsung (Indirect Speech)

1. He would / should write a letter  to her if ……….

    He would be a diligent student if I ….  / I would be a student of MAN 1 Banyumas

    if …. / They would be there if ……

2. He would be writing a letter

3. Anto would have written a letter to her if ……..

    He would have been so busy if……/ I would have been a student of    MAN  1 Banyumas /  They

    would have been in Jakarta if ….

4. They would have been writing a letter for an hour ……..

Ciri utama tenses:

- Present Tense     : untuk  Verbal Sentence (+) menggunakan verb I

                                                  untuk (-) dan (?) menggunakan DOES dan DO

                                                  untuk Nominal Sentence menggunakan TO BE (am, is , are)

- Past Tense                          : untuk  Verbal Sentence (+) menggunakan verb II

                                                  untuk (-) dan (?) menggunakan DID

                                                  untuk Nominal Sentence menggunakan TO BE (was & were)

                                                               

- Future                  : untuk  Verbal Sentence (+) menggunakan WILL + Verb I

                                                  untuk (-) dan (?) menggunakan WILL + NOT

                                                  untuk Nominal Sentence menggunakan WILL BE

- Past Future                         : Would + Verb I

- Continuous                         : To be (am , is , are) / (was, were) / (BE) + Verb ing

- Perfect                 : Have / Has / Had + Verb III

   

COBA RUBAHLAH CONTOH-CONTOH KALIMAT DI ATAS MENJADI KALIMAT NEGATIF DAN INTEROGATIVE !!!

  

Selanjutnya coba latihan bertanya dengan kata tanya seperti: What, Who, When, Where, Why, How !!!

* He writes some  articles in the library seriously everyday because he wants to be a good writer.

Apa yang dia lakukan setiap hari di kamarnya?

Apa yang dia tulis di kamarnya setiap hari?

Siapa yang menulis artikel di perpustakaan itu?

Kapan dia menulis artikel di perpustakaan itu?

Di mana dia biasanya menulis artikel setiap hari?

Mengapa dia selalu menulis artikel setiap hari?

Bagaimana cara dia menulis artikel itu?

* He wrote some articles in the library yesterday afternoon hurriedly because he didn't want to miss the chance.

Apa yang dia lakukan kemarin sore di perpustakan?

Apa yang dia tulis di kamarnya kemarin sore?

Siapa yang menulis artikel di perpustakaan itu kemarin sore?

Kapan dia menulis artikel di perpustakaan itu?

Di mana dia biasanya menulis artikel kemarin sore?

Mengapa dia menulis artikel dengan tergesa gesa kemairn sore?

Bagaimana cara dia menulis artikel itu kemarin sore?

YANG MASIH BINGUNG PENGGUNAAN DO / DOES sama tobe AM, IS, ARE lihat video berikut, klik disini ya